In urban areas, the confluence of pedestrian and vehicular flows at intersections necessitates systemic approaches to optimize pedestrian movement and safety at signalized crossings. This study focuses on evaluating the impact of pedestrian start-up time on the efficiency of pedestrian flow at such intersections, utilizing the integrated Method based on the Removal Effects of Criteria (MEREC) and Measurement of Alternatives and Ranking according to Compromise Solution (MARCOS) model. The research was conducted across five cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia, analyzing how variations in start-up time, influenced by different age groups, contribute to overall time losses and, consequently, affect the level of service of pedestrian flows. Criterion values were determined using the objective MEREC method, while the MARCOS method facilitated the evaluation of the cities in question. Both early and delayed pedestrian start-up times were examined, with findings presented through the 85th percentile. Data collection was carried out under actual traffic conditions at signalized intersections, during peak hours, focusing on pedestrians positioned at the front line adjacent to the roadway. The intersections' diverse geometric and spatial characteristics were also considered. The results revealed significant variations in pedestrian start-up times among the top three evaluated cities (Doboj, Sarajevo, and Novi Sad), highlighting the model's sensitivity to input parameters. This study underscores the necessity for tailored traffic regulation strategies to mitigate time losses at pedestrian crossings, ultimately enhancing pedestrian flow quality at signalized intersections.
Water plays an essential role in shaping the aesthetics and psychological impacts of urban waterfronts, thereby enhancing their popularity as centers for tourism, communal activities, and events. The universal appeal of water attracts a diverse audience, including both residents and visitors, leaving a lasting impression on all who experience its charm. Urban waterfronts, epitomized by the historical city of Alexandria, Egypt, are cultural and historical repositories, showcasing a rich tapestry of architectural styles and epochs. Alexandria's waterfront presents a scenic view of the Mediterranean Sea, enriched by its architectural diversity. However, waterfronts face numerous challenges that underscore the critical need for their preservation and development. The development of waterfront areas involves transforming these zones into vibrant, sustainable, and appealing spaces that encourage community interaction and enhance the quality of urban life. This encompasses a comprehensive approach to placemaking that integrates architectural design, urban planning, environmental responsibility, social equity, and economic viability to forge places of unique identity and aesthetic value. The research presented herein reviews existing literature on urban waterfront development strategies and processes, and examines successful international cases of waterfront revitalization. A focus is placed on the El-Anfoushy touristic promenade in Alexandria, employing the SWOT analysis to assess its current conditions and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to prioritize actionable outcomes. These methodologies facilitate the quantification and strategic prioritization necessary to address the challenges confronting this historical area. The ultimate objective of this study is to provide a sustainable smart development agenda that can be effectively implemented to rejuvenate and preserve waterfronts, offering a framework for city planners and policymakers to foster sustainable urban environments.