This study conducts a numerical investigation into the heat transfer enhancement of $\mathrm{Fe}_3 \mathrm{O}_4$-distilled water nanofluid within a magnetically influenced environment. The research is centered on the analysis of the impact of varying magnetic field strengths on the heat transfer characteristics in a controlled tube setting. The tube, possessing an inner diameter of 25.4 mm and a length of 210 mm, serves as the medium for the flow of nanofluid, initially at 300 K. The influence of magnetism on the nanofluid's thermal boundary layer and the formation of fluid vortices is meticulously examined, leveraging the application of magnetic fields ranging from one to three Teslas. In this context, the study observes the behavior of magnetic particles under these fields, revealing their attraction or repulsion, subsequently inducing turbulence and modifying flow patterns. It is noted that increased flow velocities tend to shield the magnetic field's thermal effects. A key focus is placed on the Nusselt number and $\mathrm{Y}^{+}$ as indicators of heat transfer efficiency, both of which demonstrate significant variations with changes in the magnetic field strength and fluid velocity. The Nusselt number, in particular, escalates to a peak value of 128.7 when exposed to a 0.1 m/s flow velocity and a magnetic field of 3 Teslas. The findings suggest an interrelation between increased magnetic field strengths and the entrance of the fluid into a turbulent state, thereby facilitating an efficient temperature transfer to the fluid. Notably, this research sheds light on the prospect of using ferrofluid-based cooling systems in electrical equipment, highlighting the potential of magnetically manipulated nanofluids to enhance heat transfer capabilities. The investigation delineates how the interplay between magnetic fields, fluid velocity, and nanofluid properties can be optimized for improved thermal management in various applications.

An evaluation of renewable energy system (RES) adoption in Hopedale, Newfoundland and Labrador, was conducted with the focus on developing a robust hybrid microgrid system. Situated in a remote area distinguished by its severe weather and rich cultural history, Hopedale primarily relies on diesel generators for energy, presenting unique challenges including high energy costs and significant environmental impacts. The current reliance on three diesel generators for electrical needs underscores the necessity for a shift towards sustainable energy. Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources (HOMER) Pro simulations were employed in this study to analyze a proposed system integrating solar and wind power, battery storage, and an additional diesel generator. The system's design aims to reduce dependency on fossil fuels amidst increasing environmental concerns and fossil fuel limitations. The environmental performance and cost-effectiveness of combining solar and wind energy with battery storage and a diesel backup were assessed. The hybrid system's potential to decrease carbon emissions by over 50% compared to the existing diesel-only setup is demonstrated, suggesting a substantial reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. Although the economic Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) of \$0.182 per kWh is higher than the traditional diesel cost of $0.16 per kWh, it represents a strategic commitment to environmental sustainability. A Net Present Cost (NPC) of \$14.6 million was predicted for the system, encompassing Capital Expenditure (CAPEX), Operational Expenditure (OPEX), and replacement cost over 25 years. Significant reductions in environmental impact and notable operational savings were anticipated. These findings contribute valuable insights into the benefits of hybrid microgrids for remote communities, offering a model for energy resilience, cost savings, and reduced carbon footprints. Thus, the study adds significant information to the ongoing discourse on sustainable energy solutions for isolated locations.