Construction projects frequently encounter field constraints that affect cost, schedule, and quality performance. When delays arise, contractors often adopt overtime work as an acceleration strategy using the existing workforce. However, such practices may lead to concerns regarding productivity decline. This study investigates the impact of overtime work on construction labor productivity based on the Five-Minute Rating method, focusing on plastering and skim coating activities in a residential project in Palangka Raya, Indonesia. A systematic work sampling approach was employed, comprising 1,296 observations collected over six days, with comparisons made between regular working hours and overtime periods. The results indicate distinct productivity responses across work types. Plastering exhibited only a marginal reduction in Labor Utilization Rate (LUR) of approximately 1%, whereas skim coating showed a more pronounced decline of about 6.5% during overtime. Effective activities decreased by approximately 6% under overtime conditions. In contrast, volume-based analysis suggests that output increased during overtime, with gains of 28% for plastering and 49% for skim coating. Statistical analysis suggested a significant difference in productivity for skim coating (p = 0.031), while no statistically meaningful difference was observed for plastering (p = 0.109) at the 95% confidence level. Despite the observed increase in output, the achieved productivity levels remain below standard unit price analysis benchmarks.

This study proposes a fuzzy-based adaptive temperature management system for hydroponic cultivation in tropical climates. Unlike conventional fixed-setpoint controllers, the proposed Mamdani fuzzy system utilizes pH and electrical conductivity (EC) as contextual inputs to dynamically adjust temperature control strategies. The underlying hypothesis is that maintaining lower root-zone temperatures (RZTs) during suboptimal pH/EC conditions may increase dissolved oxygen availability, partially compensating for nutrient stress. The Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled system employs Long Range wireless protocol (LoRa) communication for long-range, low-power data transmission, with fuzzy inference executed at the gateway for offline resilience. A five-month field validation (April–August 2024) in Ho Chi Minh City demonstrated effective temperature regulation, maintaining solution temperature within the 18–28 °C operational target range for 88.7% of the trial period, with zero exceedance of the 35 °C critical threshold. The system maintained pH at 5.72 ± 0.32 (86.4% time in optimal range) and EC at 1.87 ± 0.28 mS/cm (81.3% time in optimal range). Retrospective simulation comparing the proposed controller against On/Off, proportional-integral (PI) baselines, and temperature-only FLC baselines, demonstrated a 15–16% reduction in chiller runtime while maintaining equivalent thermal safety. Operational crop assessment across three cultivation cycles indicated commercially viable lettuce production. A dedicated system engineering analysis addresses architecture trade-offs, reliability, scalability, and cost-effectiveness for practical deployment in tropical commercial operations.

This study explores the macroeconomic impact of the Zero Over-Dimension Over-Load (ODOL) policy in Indonesia, especially its influence on logistics costs, inflation, and economic growth. The policy is not discussed here only as a matter of transport compliance, but also as a structural change in logistics governance that may affect the wider economy. A mixed-methods approach was used, based on primary survey data collected in 2025 from logistics stakeholders in DKI Jakarta and West Java. For the analysis, the Leontief Price Model was applied to estimate price transmission effects, while the dynamic Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) IndoTERM model was used to simulate cost shocks, investment adjustment, and fiscal reallocation. The findings show that the policy increases national logistics costs by 4.58% in the short term, which raises the logistics cost-to-GDP ratio to 14.94%. However, the longer-term results are more positive. The simulation suggests a 0.05% increase in GDP, equivalent to a net output gain of IDR 14.3 trillion. This result is associated with a 6.74% increase in fleet investment, estimated at IDR 42.4 trillion, as well as fiscal savings caused by lower infrastructure damage. These results suggest that stricter logistics regulation may bring broader economic benefits when the analysis goes beyond the immediate rise in transport costs. In practical terms, the policy should be supported by fiscal incentives for fleet modernization and by careful timing of enforcement, especially to limit inflationary pressure in food and construction-related sectors.