Recent advancements have seen the integration of nanocomposites, composed of clay minerals and polymers, into cementitious materials to enhance their mechanical properties. This investigation focuses on the dynamics of clay-based cementitious nanofluids along a vertical plate, adopting a Jeffrey fluid model to encompass various phenomena. The effects of a first-order chemical reaction and heat generation/absorption are considered, alongside slip velocity and Newtonian heating conditions. The governing equations, represented as partially coupled partial differential equations, have been extended using a constant proportional Caputo (CPC) fractional derivative. Exact solutions were derived employing the Laplace transform technique. A detailed graphical analysis was conducted to elucidate the influence of pertinent flow parameters on the velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles. It was observed that the incorporation of clay nanoparticles results in a reduction of the fluid's heat transfer rate by 10.17%, and a decrease in the mass transfer rate by 1.31% at a nanoparticle volume fraction of 0.04. These findings underscore the nuanced role of nanoparticle concentration in modifying fluid dynamics under the studied conditions, providing a validated and precise understanding of nanofluid behavior in construction-related applications. This research not only supports the potential of nanotechnology in improving cementitious materials but also contributes to the broader field of fluid mechanics by integrating complex heating and slip conditions into the study of nanoparticle-enhanced fluids.